Ichi chinyorwa chakaongororwa zvinoenderana neScience X's edhita maitiro uye marongero. Vapepeti vakasimbisa hunhu hunotevera uku vachiona kuvimbika kwezviri mukati:
Tsvina mabhatiri e-lithium-ion kubva kunharembozha, malaptop uye nhamba iri kukura yemotokari dzemagetsi dziri kuungana, asi sarudzo dzekudzokorodza dzichiri dzakaganhurirwa pakupisa kana kunyungudutsa makemikari mabhatiri akakundikana. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzinogona kuunza matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye dzakaoma kugadzira zvehupfumi pachiyero cheindasitiri.
Maitiro echinyakare anodzokorora zvimwe zvinhu zvebhatiri uye anovimba necaustic alkalis, inorganic acids uye makemikari ane njodzi anogona kuunza tsvina. Kubvisa simbi dzakakosha kunodawo kuparadzaniswa kwakaoma uye kunaya kwemvura. Nekudaro, kudzokorodza simbi senge cobalt uye lithium kunogona kuderedza kusvibiswa, kutsamira kune dzekunze masosi uye kuvhara macheni ekupa.
Vatsvagiri kuUS Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory vakakwenenzvera nzira yekunyungudutsa mabhatiri mumushonga wemvura kudzikisa huwandu hwemakemikari ane njodzi anoshandiswa mukuita. Tsvagiridzo yavo yakaburitswa mujenari Energy Storage Materials.
Mhinduro yakapfava, inoshanda uye ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza yakagadziridzwa nevaongorori veORNL inokunda zvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvakasangana nemaitiro apfuura.
Mabhatiri anoshandiswa akanyoroveswa mune mhinduro ye organic citric acid (yakasikwa inowanikwa mumichero yecitrus) yakanyungudutswa mu ethylene glycol, antifreeze inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvevatengi zvakadai sependi uye cosmetics. Citric acid inobva kune yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka kubata pane inorganic acids. Iyi mhinduro ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza inopa nzira yakanyatso shanda yekuparadzanisa nekudzokorodza simbi mubhatiri rine chajiwa electrode, inonzi cathode.
"Nekuti cathode ine zvinhu zvakakosha, ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya pane chero bhatiri, inodarika makumi matatu muzana yemutengo wayo," akadaro Yaokai Bai, nhengo yeboka reORNL rekutsvagisa bhatiri. "Maitiro edu anogona kuderedza mutengo webhatiri nekufamba kwenguva." Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa panzvimbo yekugadzira mabhatiri yeOak Ridge National Laboratory, iyo huru yakavhurika bhatiri yekutsvaga nekusimudzira nzvimbo muUnited States.
Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira yakagadziridzwa ipapo inobvumira ingangoita zana yecobalt uye lithium kuti ibviswe kubva kune cathode pasina kuunza tsvina muhurongwa. Iyo inokwanisawo kunyatsoparadzanisa zvigadziriso zvesimbi kubva kune mamwe masara. Zvakanakisa zvezvose, basa rayo rechipiri nderekudzoreredza pamusoro pe96% yecobalt mukati memaawa mashoma pasina kuwedzera mamwe makemikari, ayo anowanzo yakaoma manyorero maitiro ekuyera asidhi mazinga.
"Aka ndekekutanga kuti imwe mhinduro sisitimu inovhara mabasa ekucheka nekugadzirisa," akadaro muongorori anotungamira Lu Yu. "Zvaifadza kuona kuti cobalt yakanaya ikagara pasina imwe mhirizhonga. Takanga tisingatarisiri izvi."
Kubvisa kudiwa kwemamwe makemikari kunoderedza mari uye kunodzivirira chizvarwa chezvigadzirwa kana chechipiri tsvina. "Tinofara kuti iyi nzira yekudzokorodza yakagadziridzwa nemasaenzi edu inogona kugadzira nzira yekudzokorodzazve kwezvakakomba zvinhu zvebhatiri," akadaro Ilyas Belharouaq, muongorori wekambani uye director weElectrification Division kuOak Ridge National Laboratory.
Bai akati iyo leaching midziyo ye citric acid uye ethylene glycol yakambodzidzwa, asi nzira iyi yakashandisa yakawanda asidhi uye tembiricha yakaderera uye haina kunyatsoshanda.
"Takashamiswa nekukasira kwayakabuda mumhinduro," akadaro Bai. "Ne organic acids zvinowanzotora maawa gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri, asi iyi yakangotora awa." Magadzirirwo echinyakare anoshandisa inorganic acids zvakare anononoka nekuti ane mvura, iyo yekuvira kwayo inodzikamisa tembiricha yekuita.
Rumwe ruzivo: Lu Yu et al., Kupatsanurwa kwakanaka uye kunyorova kwemvura yakarerutswa yecathode recycling, Energy Storage Materials (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103025
Kana ukasangana netaipa, zvisizvo, kana kuti uchida kuendesa chikumbiro chekugadzirisa zviri papeji ino, ndapota shandisa fomu iri. Pamibvunzo yakajairika, ndapota shandisa fomu redu rekuonana. Kuti uwane mhinduro dzakajairika, shandisa chikamu chemashoko eruzhinji pazasi (tevera zvinongedzo).
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